.....High
Mountains of the world - are 'FLAT'
(... The duplicity of plate tectonics crumples before the facts...)
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Uplifted by mantle breakthrough? - Yes The mantle breakthrough of the Pacific? - Yes How do we know? Because the high mountains around the Pacific are not of crumpled crust - they're 'flat' |
Fig.1. The Circumglobal Mountain belt Loop (CMBL) - From the Alps through the Himalayas and around the Pacific - the single continuous tract of the highest ground on the planet fringing the Pacific is consequent on the uplift and breakthrough of the Pacific mantle diapir Red line = extent of the CMBL; white line = pre-dilation position (pre-pacific opening) of the CMBL)
Close the Pacific according to the movement picture on this site and the mountain belt which begins in the Alps and goes through the Himalayas and encircles the Pacific forms a line that basically goes from left to right across the figure, which is the circumference of Pangaean opening, of which the Mediterranean sector is the remaining hinge.If mountains formed by crumpling of the crust due to plate collision as plate tectonics says, then the most uplifted parts of the crust would be crumpled, wouldn't they? Stands to reason. 'Crumpled' means crumpled. ...But they're not. And neither would they have extensional basins right between the 'colliding' plates. ...But they do, e.g. between Africa and the Alps and between India and the Himalayas. So even before we go any further, on two major points of "crumpling of the crust by plate collision", plate tectonics doesn't stand up. The crust is not crumpled where it should be, and there are extensional basins where there shouldn't be. What's more, the mountain belts that encircle the Pacific have no continental collisional "battering ram" that could have pushed them up.
So what was the 'plate collision' that threw up these mountains? Virtually the only plate that Plate Tectonics uses to bolster its position as far as collisional mountain-building is concerned is India. But look at it! Little India! ? Plate tectonics invokes "far-field tectonics" to explain the reach of mountain building (by India) through the whole of Asia, aided by "extrusion tectonics" to explain the extent of the belt into Indonesia. But the mountain belt doesn't stop in Indonesia. It goes all around the Pacific and across to the Atlantic!
In any case, the most uplifted part of the crust wherever we look at it is a dissected plateau. This is not a zone of crustal crumpling as represented by plate tectonics, but of high elevation of the crust consequent on uplift related to breakthrough of the mantle - the 'uplift' that reflects Pangaean dilation. The high tracts of ground that make it up are by and large comprised of younger flat-lying strata, strata that have been bodily uplifted (relative to sea level) and stay flat. The bits of crust that *are* 'crumpled' (and not very much crumpled at that) are the peripheral margins of the uplift, its outside rim where it stabilises over the flanks. ...And the *most* crumpled parts of the crust are at its base, where the crust slips about and detaches from its mantle substrate as it adjusts to the reducing curvature of the rotating Earth, i.e., the rotation ('torsion') that is expressed in the aggregate of faults defining ridge-transform growth which describes the architecture of the ocean floors (the aggregate symmetry which Plate Tectonics resolutely ignores).
HIGH MOUNTAINS OF THE WORLD
(Flat - not crumpled by plate collision - check 'em out)
| North America
McKinley Mission Ranges Rocky Mountains South America
Suila Grande
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Himalayas
Everest1 Everest2 Hidden Peak Kangchenjunga K2 Lhotse Annapurna Tibetan
Plateau
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European Alps
Alps Dolomites Eiger Matterhorn Various other
Colorado Plateau (fill this out) |
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