...Abstract

 

The Earth was once much smaller than it is today.  By best estimates it has roughly doubled its diameter since the Mesozoic (about 300m years; age of the Earth approximately 4.5by).  This conclusion derives from familiar and simple continental retrofits across the Atlantic Indian and Southern Oceans and an earlier more complex reconstruction in the Pacific region which has remained thus far unrecognised.

A great-circle crustal and upper mantle rupture about the ambitus of an Earth more oblate than that of the present day was followed by a central, small-circle breakthrough of the lower mantle in the Indonesian region.  The upper rupture partitioned the Earth into dynamically distinct northern and southern hemispheres, pivoting them apart about the hinge of the Mediterranean region whilst the lower rupture allowed lower mantle extrusion of the proto-Pacific.  Burgeoning lower mantle extrusion pivoted the hemispheres apart, tilting them off-axis and moving them outwards from the Earth's centre, fragmenting the crust via torsional pivots along the Sino-Russian seaboard and in the Caribbean region.  Differential displacement of the hemispheres about the original rotational axis advanced the southern hemisphere by approximately 80 degrees, generating a splayed helical fracture set that curved eastwards, southwards around the polar region,  then northwards towards the Arctic.  Simultaneous crustal lag unroofed the crustal sector of mantle diapir westwards, collapsing it over the Indian craton and preserving it as the Tibetan Plateau ("The Roof of the World").

These aggregate, sequential, inextricably intertwined geometries of torsion and mantle rise, which have had their most recognisably marked effect since the Mesozoic in the architecture of the ocean floors and continental margins, may be extrapolated backwards in time  to include the Phanerozoic fold belts as a whole,  suggesting that these events may have been initiated in Precambrian times.  The entire movement picture is one of combined crustal distention (mantle growth) and torsion commensurate with the changing patterns of planetary spin as the northern and southern hemispheres hinged in the Mediterranean region pivoted apart to accommodate Pacific lower mantle extrusion, and later extrusion of the Atlantic.

Whilst the architecture of spin related to the change in the Earth's rotation is reasonably self-evident, the mechanism for global enlargement remains unknown.  One explanation may speculatively be linked to astronomical causes.  The whole-Earth scale of global structures and their rotational asymmetry imply causational dynamics in opposition to the Earth's gravity, and an energy input over and above that of the Earth's original budget due to planetary accretion, reviving earlier speculation that prograde Moon capture and a shift in the Earth's centre of gravity during Archean to Proterozoic times may be related to the deformation. The resulting transfer of kinetic energy resulting from capture may conceivably have ignited fission or fusion reactions in the core which dissipated as mineral transmutations and mantle growth, ...a kind of 'slow explosion'.  In support of some sort of Earth - Moon interaction are cited the pan-global distribution of banded iron formations (as possible impact-related dust fall) virtually co-eval with the ages of lunar impacts, the heavy cratering on the nearside of the Moon, the obliquity of the rotational axes of both the Earth and the Moon to the ecliptic, and the present ambital enlargement of the Earth as a remnant related effect of the same forces that initiated the disruptive tectonics.  An alternative speculation is that, for reasons that are yet unknown, planetary growth is an intrinsic property of matter as mass is created, possibly related in some way to spin.  The speculation of Moon capture is separate from, and does not detract from, the intrinsic rotational torsional, and expansional aspects of the model described, which is offered as an alternative to Plate Tectonics.  Plate Tectonics does not recognise any of these aspects of global deformation, and the two models therefore cannot be assessed on the same terms.

Keywords:-  Diapiric rise, proto-Pacific, burgeoning extrusion, hemispheres, rotation, helical fracture set, Earth's rotation and mantle rise, creation of the ocean floors, Phanerozoic, causational dynamics, banded-iron formation as impact-related dust fall, Moon capture, fission reaction, mass creation, mineral transmutation, Earth's core.
 
 

Torsions in the lithosphere are mirrorred in the atmosphere (Hurricane Katrina, 2005)

This is a whole new way of looking at the geology of the Earth

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